At work, we use some very old programs. In one program (layout), it opens up the other program (specctra). The weird error was that the keyboard would not work in specctra if it was started from layout. If I started it by itself from the command line, it worked perfectly. I looked at the logs when it started and found a lot of warnings that looked like this:

Warning: translation table syntax error: Unknown keysym name:  osfActivate
Warning: ... found while parsing ':<Key>osfActivate:            ManagerParentActivate()'
Warning: String to TranslationTable conversion encountered errors
Warning: translation table syntax error: Unknown keysym name:  osfBeginLine
Warning: ... found while parsing ':<Key>osfBeginLine:           ManagerGadgetTraverseHome()'
Warning: String to TranslationTable conversion encountered errors

Searching for this message brought me to this page. And the directions there worked perfectly.

[~]# cd /usr/
[/usr]# mkdir -p X11R6/lib
[/usr]# cd X11R6/lib/
[lib]# ln -s /usr/share/X11 .

After I created that link, the keyboard worked fine however specctra was started.